The study of Advanced Machine Design plays a crucial role in the development and optimization of mechanical components and systems that are subject to varying loads, stresses and environmental conditions. This subject is designed to provide an in-depth understanding of the principles of failure prevention, fatigue analysis, and material behaviour under different loading scenarios, empowering engineers to design durable and reliable machines. This textbook is organized into five modules that systematically cover the fundamental concepts, analytical methods, and practical applications in advanced machine design. The first module introduces the importance of failure prevention analysis in mechanical design with a focus on failure modes, theories for ductile and brittle materials and the application of these theories to practical design problems. The discussion extends to the concept of fatigue—a critical factor in the longevity of materials—and explores fatigue design models, methods, and testing approaches. In the second module, we delve into the Stress-Life (S-N) Approach, exploring S-N curves, statistical nature of fatigue test data, and the impact of mean stress on fatigue life. We also examine the Strain-Life (ε-N) Approach, highlighting strain-controlled testing, cyclic stress-strain behaviour, and life estimation under variable conditions. The third module focuses on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM), covering crack tip behaviour, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth, as well as the influence of mean stress on crack growth life estimation. Additionally, the effects of notches on stress and strain concentrations are explored, with the S-N approach applied to notched components and numerical examples illustrating these principles. Module four addresses Fatigue from Variable Amplitude Loading, a critical area in real-world applications, discussing cumulative damage, load interactions and the estimation of fatigue life using the stress-life approach. The importance of Notch Strain Analysis is also emphasized, incorporating Neuber’s and Glinka’s rules and the role of fracture mechanics in crack growth at notches. In the final module, we turn our attention to Surface Failure, a common issue in machine components subjected to friction, wear, and corrosion. Surface fatigue, including spherical and cylindrical contact, dynamic contact stresses, and surface fatigue strength, are discussed. We also cover the design strategies to prevent surface failures, concluding with a recap of the key concepts presented throughout the course. This textbook aims to provide a comprehensive foundation for understanding the complexities of advanced machine design, equipping students and practitioners with the tools needed to analyse, predict, and prevent failure in mechanical systems. We hope it serves as a valuable resource for both academic learning and real-world engineering applications, fostering innovation and excellence in machine design.