Introduction: Climate change poses a serious threat to agricultural productivity, with erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, and droughts affecting food security and livelihoods. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) offers an approach to enhance productivity, strengthen resilience, and reduce emissions. Despite its benefits, adoption of CSA practices such as crop diversification, soil conservation, and efficient water management remains limited among smallholder farmers. This study aims to identify the determinants of CSA adoption to support effective agricultural and climate policy formulation. Review of Literature: Previous studies reveal that CSA adoption depends on various factors. Socio-economic characteristics like education, income, and landholding (Rogers, 2003), institutional support such as access to credit, training, and extension services (Kassie et al., 2013), and awareness and perception of climate change (Deressa et al., 2009) are key influences. However, there is a lack of localized field-based evidence, especially in rural areas. Methodology: The research was conducted in selected villages of Satna District, Madhya Pradesh, using a descriptive and analytical design. A total of 120 farmers were selected through multistage random sampling. Primary data were collected using structured interviews. The dependent variables were farmers’ knowledge and adoption of CSA, while independent variables included socio-economic characteristics. Results, Summary, and Conclusion: Findings revealed moderate CSA adoption levels. Education, credit access, information availability, and climate awareness were significant drivers. The study concludes that strengthening extension systems, farmer training, and institutional support is crucial to enhance CSA adoption and promote climate-resilient agriculture.