Human behaviour lies at the heart of all learning and relationships, making its understanding vital in education. Behaviour management extends beyond controlling misbehaviour; it involves recognizing the causes of actions, fostering positive habits, and creating supportive environments that promote learning and growth. Behaviour reflects an individual’s thoughts, emotions, and actions shaped by biological, psychological, and environmental factors. It may be positive, negative, or challenging, and each type requires specific responses, especially in inclusive settings where children with special needs may display behaviours linked to developmental or emotional conditions. Major theories such as Skinner’s Behaviourism, Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning, and Bandura’s Social Learning Theory provide frameworks for understanding and modifying behaviour through reinforcement, association, and modelling. Factors like genetics, motivation, family dynamics, and classroom climate significantly influence conduct. Preventive strategies—clear rules, consistent routines, and positive reinforcement—help maintain order, while interventions like Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) and Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) promote self-regulation and empathy. In inclusive classrooms, individualized approaches through Individual Behaviour Plans (IBPs) and collaboration among teachers, parents, and counsellors ensure effective support. Ethical and legal frameworks, including bans on corporal punishment and the Right to Education Act, stress dignity, fairness, and inclusion. Technology now assists in tracking and managing behaviour, but empathy and understanding remain central. Ultimately, behaviour management is about empowerment, not control-helping learners understand emotions, act responsibly, and thrive academically and socially in compassionate, inclusive environments.