The concept of justice cannot be complete without an inclusive and humane approach to incarceration. This edited volume on Prison Reform and Human Rights emerges from a growing recognition that the condition of prisons and the treatment of prisoners are not merely matters of criminal justice policy, but fundamental indicators of a society’s commitment to human dignity, constitutional morality, and the rule of law. The chapters in this book delve into the multifaceted challenges and complexities surrounding prison systems—ranging from overcrowding, custodial violence, and lack of access to legal aid, to mental health, gender-based discrimination, and the rehabilitation and reintegration of inmates. Drawing from a wide array of disciplines including law, criminology, sociology, psychology, and public policy, this compilation presents scholarly insights, empirical studies, and reformative strategies that collectively advocate for a more accountable, transparent, and rights-based prison administration. The book also engages with international human rights instruments and constitutional jurisprudence, situating the Indian context within global discourses on prisoners' rights and correctional reform. It is hoped that this volume will serve not only as a scholarly resource for academics, students, and legal practitioners, but also as a policy document that can inform systemic change and guide institutions in reimagining prisons as spaces of transformation rather than punishment alone. The editors extend heartfelt gratitude to all contributors for their invaluable research and critical perspectives, and hope that this work inspires further dialogue, action, and advocacy for a more just and humane penal system.